Take the time to complete the following tasks thoroughly. I will assess your work as 2 quiz grades. All of the work below is due by 9:15. You may help one another quietly and appropriately, but make sure that your work is indeed your work. There should be no duplicates.
1. While you have computers, check to be sure that you have linked all of your classmates. If you are missing a link, ask your peer for his or her url and add it.
2. On Tuesday, you listed 10 devices that Swift utilized in his Modest Proposal. Choose 3 of these devices to use for your formal analysis. For each tool/device, extract at least 3 excerpts from Swift’s essay that clearly exemplify them. Then construct a thesis statement draft that fulfills or exceeds the requirements of my rubric. Post your results as a comment here.
3. Click here. Read this Letter from Dr. King. Pull out 12 quotes: 4 that exemplify ethos; 4 that exemplify pathos; and 4 that exemplify logos. Then construct a thesis statement draft that fulfills or exceeds the requirements of my rubric. Post your results as a comment here.
4. Indicate 3 potential directions (problem; solution) for your own Modest Proposal. For each, discuss possibilities regarding how you might incorporate each argumentative method (ethos, pathos, logos). Post your results as a comment here.
5. Click here. Read the analogies. If you’ve read them before, sorry. Read them again. Identify the 4 you find most humorous. Post your results as a comment here.
If you finish early, check your work. Finishing this assignment early may be indicative of a lackluster performance. If you are simply more efficient than most, turn your attention to the Modest Proposal writing tasks (tests) and get started.
34 comments:
Black Comedy
“I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
“That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table.”
“I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children.”
Bon Mot
“Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
“Then as to the females, it would, I think, with humble submission, be a loss to the publick, because they soon would become breeders themselves: And besides, it is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice, (although indeed very unjustly) as a little bordering upon cruelty, which, I confess, hath always been with me the strongest objection against any project, how well soever intended.”
“But I am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known, that they are every day dying, and rotting, by cold and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected. And as to the young labourers, they are now in almost as hopeful a condition”
Cacophony
“They cannot get work, and consequently pine away from want of nourishment, to a degree, that if at any time they are accidentally hired to common labour, they have not strength to perform it, and thus the country and themselves are happily delivered from the evils to come.”
“Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of their pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal, their cows in calf, or sow when they are ready to farrow; nor offer to beat or kick them (as is too frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage.”
“Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, 'till he hath at least some glympse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and sincere attempt to put them into practice.”
Thesis Statement
In the outrageous excerpt “A Modest Proposal” Jonathan Swift uses repetitive black comedy, clever bon mot, and harsh cacophony to present his proposal of killing and eating infants.
Black Comedy
“I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
“That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table.”
“I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children.”
Bon Mot
“Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
“Then as to the females, it would, I think, with humble submission, be a loss to the publick, because they soon would become breeders themselves: And besides, it is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice, (although indeed very unjustly) as a little bordering upon cruelty, which, I confess, hath always been with me the strongest objection against any project, how well soever intended.”
“But I am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known, that they are every day dying, and rotting, by cold and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected. And as to the young labourers, they are now in almost as hopeful a condition”
Cacophony
“They cannot get work, and consequently pine away from want of nourishment, to a degree, that if at any time they are accidentally hired to common labour, they have not strength to perform it, and thus the country and themselves are happily delivered from the evils to come.”
“Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of their pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal, their cows in calf, or sow when they are ready to farrow; nor offer to beat or kick them (as is too frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage.”
“Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, 'till he hath at least some glympse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and sincere attempt to put them into practice.”
Thesis Statement
In the outrageous excerpt “A Modest Proposal” Jonathan Swift uses repetitive black comedy, clever bon mot, and harsh cacophony to present his proposal of killing and eating infants.
Satire- “These mothers instead….either turn thieves for want of work”
“I am assured by our merchants……at least four times value.”
“Secondly, The poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own, which by law may be made liable to a distress, and help pay their landlords rent, their corn and cattle already being seized.”
Irony- “There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme….that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children.”
“I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance.”
“I have no children, by which I can propose getting a single penny.”
Absurdity-“Having no other motive than the publick good of my country.”
“they shall, on contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands.
“a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food.”
Proposing an unaccepted idea in “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift uses serious satire, odd irony, and complete absurdity to create a humorous effect to lighten the mood of the reader to an offensive subject.
2.
Diction: “that fish being a prolifick dyet”, Hyperbole: “a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food”, Satire: “weather stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or ragoust.”
Shifting from a serious issue to a ridiculous idea in “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift uses evident diction, unique hyperbole, and extreme satire in order to display to the reader that it’s okay to include comic relief during a serious time.
3. Ethos:
1. “If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work”.
2. “Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid”.
3. “Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood”.
4. “When I was suddenly catapulted into the leadership of the bus protest in Montgomery, Alabama, a few years ago, I felt we would be supported by the white church”.
Pathos:
1. “But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here”
2. “Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly”.
3. “I am sure that none of you would want to rest content with the superficial kind of social analysis that deals merely with effects and does not grapple with underlying causes”
4. “There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community”.
Logos:
1. “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.”
2. “We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
3. “In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action”.
4. “An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself”.
Shifting between seriousness and sarcasm in “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, the author uses informal ethos, touching pathos, and know-it-all logos in order to display to the reader how sometimes a point needs to come across sarcastic and rude in order for it to get across at all.
4.
1. Global Warming: For this the solution would be to live like animals by first destroying everything that has to do with civilization and then to raise our children to learn how to survive in the wild so that there would be no more trash to pollute and we would respect and rely on the world more. For ethos I would use informational statements about how global warming affects us. For pathos I would make the reader feel bad for the living things being affected by it and tell them what would happen if we destroyed our world. For logos I would give data about global warming.
2. Economy: For the solution of this one, I would say that we burn all money and get rid of all change and start exchanging things in rocks. For ethos I would have information statements about how I personally am affected by the economy. For pathos I would make the reader feel bad about how the economy brings us all down in a way. For logos I would give data on money issues.
3. Racism: The solution for this problem would simply be that every single human being will paint their skin permanently the same color, therefore no one could judge one another for the color of their skin. For ethos I would get information about racism in the past and today and sound like I know people who talked about it. I then would use pathos and use touching statements about how African Americans, Asian Americans, etc. were treated. For logos I would use information about slavery and prejudice.
5.
1. “From the attic came an unearthly howl. The whole scene had an eerie, surreal quality, like when you’re on vacation in another city and Jeopardy comes on at 7:00 p.m. instead of 7:30”.
2. “Her hair glistened in the rain like a nose hair after a sneeze”.
3. “The politician was gone but unnoticed, like the period after the Dr. on a Dr Pepper can”.
4. “John and Mary had never met. They were like two hummingbirds who had also never met”.
Aphorism:
-“I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
Black Comedy:
-“Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in March, and a little before and after; for we are told by a grave author, an eminent French physician, that fish being a prolific dyet, there are more children born in Roman Catholick countries about nine months after Lent, the markets will be more glutted than usual, because the number of Popish infants, is at least three to one in this kingdom, and therefore it will have one other collateral advantage, by lessening the number of Papists among us.”
Nonsensism:
-“Many other advantages might be enumerated. For instance, the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barrel’d beef” the propagation of swine’s flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables; which are no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well grown, fat yearly child, which roasted whole will make a considerable figure at a Lord Mayor’s feast, or any other publick entertainment. But this, and may other, I omit, being studious of brevity.
Thesis:
Balancing between a morbid and sarcastic tone in A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift employs obscure sarcasm, sardonic satire and pragmatic inflation to depict the idea that our world is over population due to the fact that people are having “bastard children” and Swift’s solution is to eat the unwanted ‘infant flesh.’
Ethos:
-“We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was ‘illegal.’”
-“It was "illegal" to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers.”
-“If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws.”
-“I hope you are able to see the distinction I am trying to point out. In no sense do I advocate evading or defying the law, as would the rabid segregationist.”
Pathos:
-“I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers.”
-“First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate.”
-“I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to "order" than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: "I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action"; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man's freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a ‘more convenient season.’”
-“I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and that when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress.”
Logos:
- “Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town.”
- “In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action.”
- “We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights.”
- “It was practiced superbly by the early Christians, who were willing to face hungry lions and the excruciating pain of chopping blocks rather than submit to certain unjust laws of the Roman Empire.”
Thesis:
In A Letter to Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King, Jr. utilizes angered allusions, rhetorical irony and subtle imagery to convey his experience in the prison after being a part of the Birmingham campaign.
Ideas for Modest Proposal:
- Life expectancy (Social Security $$)
• Ethos – what we can do to help fix it
• Pathos – how it is affecting others
• Logos – the average age of a healthy human
- Gas Prices
• Ethos – what can be done about it
• Pathos – the hole it puts in people’s bank accounts
• Logos – why they are increasing to intensely
- Global Warming
• Ethos – helping save the Earth (‘go green’)
• Pathos – how it is affecting everyone experiencing it
• Logos – how many animals are dying due to this issue
Analogies
• “John and Mary had never met. They were like two hummingbirds who had also never met.”
• “He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.”
• “The thunder was ominous-sounding, much like the sound of a thin sheet of metal being shaken backstage during the storm scene in a play.”
• “Her eyes were shining like two marbles that someone dropped in mucus and then held up to catch the light.”
Paul Gannon
Absurdity- The constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children.
Blue Humor- We should soon see an honest emulation among the married women, which of them could bring the fattest child to the market.
Black Comedy- Infants flesh will be in season throughout the year.
Imagery- I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or broiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.
In describing an unusual and unethical situation in a Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift uses dark imagery, blue humor, and black comedy to establish a comic effect on a subject that is by no means humorous.
Ethos Paul Gannon
“Just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world.”
“We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
“On the basis of these promises, the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the leaders of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights agreed to a moratorium on all demonstrations.”
“It was practiced superbly by the early Christians, who were willing to face hungry lions and the excruciating pain of chopping blocks rather than submit to certain unjust laws of the Roman Empire.”
Pathos
“Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.”
“I hope this letter finds you strong in the faith.”
“Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty.”
“Never before have I written so long a letter. I'm afraid it is much too long to take your precious time. I can assure you that it would have been much shorter if I had been writing from a comfortable desk, but what else can one do when he is alone in a narrow jail cell, other than write long letters, think long thoughts and pray long prayers?”
Logos
“In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn't this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery?”
“Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity.”
“I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and that when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress.”
“I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that the present tension in the South is a necessary phase of the transition from an obnoxious negative peace, in which the Negro passively accepted his unjust plight, to a substantive and positive peace, in which all men will respect the dignity and worth of human personality.”
In addressing the racial tensions during his time in a Letter from Birmingham, Martin Luther King vilifies racial segregation by portraying emotions, illustrating the faults in society, and changes the opinion of the world through his passionate personality.
Colin Feeney
3/8/11
Class-E
2 quiz grades
2.) Black comedy- infants flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in March, and a little before and after.
Absurdity- the constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children.
Blue Humor- We should soon see an honest emulation among the married women, which of them could bring the fattest child to the market.
To be funny in a story, in A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift employs masterful black comedy, unique absurdity and funny blue humor in order to show how he can be funny in different ways.
3.) Pathos-
Ethos- “just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world.”
“We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
“It was evidenced sublimely in the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego to obey the laws of Nebuchadnezzar, on the ground that a higher moral law was at stake.”
“Then it occurred to us that Birmingham's mayoral election was coming up in March, and we speedily decided to postpone action until after election day.”
Logos- “Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity.”
“In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn't this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery?”
“You may well ask: "Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth?”
4.)
5.) She was as easy as the TV Guide crossword.
Fishing is like waiting for something that does not happen very often.
It hurt the way your tongue hurts after you accidentally staple it to the wall.
Her lips were red and full, like tubes of blood drawn by an inattentive phlebotomist.
Ethos
“We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
“I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.”
“Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such were deemed necessary.”
“My Dear Fellow Clergymen”
Pathos
“Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds.”
“But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.”
“It’s ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts.”
“Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation.”
Logos
“An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law.”
“Thus it is that I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong.”
“We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal."”
“To a degree, academic freedom is a reality today because Socrates practiced civil disobedience. In our own nation, the Boston Tea Party represented a massive act of civil disobedience”
Online Scavenger Hunt
Ethos
“But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.”
“But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.”
“We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.”
Pathos
“While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise and untimely."”
“But your statement, I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations.”
“It is unfortunate that demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortunate that the city's white power structure left the Negro community with no alternative.”
Logos
“We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
“There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation.”
“Then, last September, came the opportunity to talk with leaders of Birmingham's economic community.”
Thesis Statement
In the excerpt "Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Dr. King uses ethos, pathos, and logos to win over the readers opinon.
Samuel Carignan Comic Spirit
A Modest Proposal Thesis
In his efforts to inform Ireland of their economic downslide, Swift uses rhetorical humor, irony and extreme uses of satire to show there are multiple ways to convince a person to a cause.
Rhetorical humor- “I grant this food to be most good, and well fit for landlords,”
Irony- “infants’ flesh will be in season throughout the year.”
Satire- “I can think of no one objection that will be raised against the proposal”
Letters From a Birmingham Prison
Logos: "I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's
Councilor or the Klu Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to 'order' than to justice"
"passively accept the indignities of segregation is to deny them their dignity and
worth as a human being”
"My feets is tired but my soul is at rest"
“I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth”
Pathos: “But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will
and drown your sisters and brothers at whim”
"…when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children"
"The shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us"
“While being here confined in the Birmingham Sate Jail”
Ethos: "an unjust law is no law at all"
“it is a historical fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily"
"Why didn't you give the new city administration time to act?"
“We so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools”
2. 3 Devices and Excerpts that Exemplify Them from “A Modest Proposal”:
•Imagery:
o“the streets, the roads and cabin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags,, and importuning every passenger for an alms.”
o“when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish”
o“seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.”
•Black Humor:
o“A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends”
o“even when they come to this age, will not yield above three pounds half a crown at most”
o“a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled”
•Logos
o“child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, encreaseth to 28 pounds.”
o“the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of children”
o“the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barrel’d beef”
Thesis: In the incredibly written satire “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift draws on disturbing imagery, black humor, and bizarre logos with the aim of writing an unexpectedly humorous passage on an unorthodox solution to both overpopulation and widespread hunger.
3. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Logos, Pathos, and Ethos:
•Logos
o“We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal."”
o“Thus it is that I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong.”
o“In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps”
o“Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools”
•Pathos
o“I am in the rather unique position of being the son, the grandson and the great grandson of preachers”
o“I have been arrested on a charge of parading without a permit.”
o“So I, along with several members of my staff, am here because I was invited here”
o“I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference”
•Ethos
o“I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of this community would see the justice of our cause and, with deep moral concern, would serve as the channel through which our just grievances could reach the power structure”
o“Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty”
o“We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom”
o“I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth”
Thesis: Shifting from a calm letter to a call to action in his letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr. makes the most of ethos, logos, and pathos so as to make known his disappointment in the segregation of African American citizens.
4. Possible directions for my Modest Proposal
•Global Warming: Give everyone in the world a fan and have them turn it on at the same time
•Overpopulation: Reduced prices of cigarettes and fast food, retirement age at 80,
•Students not wearing school id’s: Have them tattooed on their arms
5. Analogies:
•The young fighter had a hungry look, the kind you get from not eating for a while
•They were as good friends as the people on “Friends”
•The dandelion swayed in the breeze like an electric oscillating fan set on medium
•The sardines were packed as tightly as the coach section of a 747
#1. Done. If It doesn’t come up(it keeps disappearing) , I took a screen shot and saved it as proof that it worked.
#2
• Imagery
o “Cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms.”
o “This is a prodigious number of children in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers.”
o “Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in March, and a little before and after.”
• Pantagruelism
o “A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious, nourishing and wholesome food.”
o “The nation’s stock will be thereby increased fifty thousand pounds per annum.”
o “Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of their pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal, their cows in calf, or sow when they are ready to farrow.”
• Logos
o “There only remain an hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born”
o “I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl before twelve years old, is no saleable commodity.”
o “Of the hundred and twenty thousand children, already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed.”
• Thesis
o Sifting from a grim to a sarcastic mood in “A Modest Proposal,” Jonathon Swift employs dramatic imagery, humorous pantagruelism, and skewed logic in order to mock the Irish government and the population epidemic.
#4
• Aids and Hiv: Kill everyone who has it so that it can’t be spread
• Teenage Idiocy:
• Eating Disorders:
#5
• He was as bald as one of the Three Stooges, either Curly or Larry, you know, the one who goes woo woo woo.
• Her face was a perfect oval, like a circle that had its two sides gently compressed by a Thigh Master.
• He was as lame as a duck. Not the metaphorical lame duck, either, but a real duck that was actually lame. Maybe from stepping on a land mine or something.
• I felt a nameless dread. Well, there probably is a long German name for it, like Geschpooklichkeit or something, but I don’t speak German. Anyway, it’s a dread that nobody knows the name for, like those little square plastic gizmos that close your bread bags. I don’t know the name for those either.
Samuel Carignan Comic Spirit
A Modest Proposal Thesis
In his efforts to inform Ireland of their economic downslide, Swift uses rhetorical humor, irony and extreme uses of satire to show there are multiple ways to convince a person to a cause.
Rhetorical humor- “I grant this food to be most good, and well fit for landlords,”
Irony- “infants’ flesh will be in season throughout the year.”
Satire- “I can think of no one objection that will be raised against the proposal”
Letters From a Birmingham Prison
Logos: "I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's
Councilor or the Klu Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to 'order' than to justice"
"passively accept the indignities of segregation is to deny them their dignity and
worth as a human being”
"My feets is tired but my soul is at rest"
“I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth”
Pathos: “But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will
and drown your sisters and brothers at whim”
"…when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children"
"The shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us"
“While being here confined in the Birmingham Sate Jail”
Ethos: "an unjust law is no law at all"
“it is a historical fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily"
"Why didn't you give the new city administration time to act?"
“We so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools”
2. Satire: “I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance
in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year
old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether
stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it
will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust
Alliteration: “these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore, one mail will be sufficient to serve four females.”
Diction: “I can think of no one objection, that will possibly be raised
against this proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number
of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom. This I
freely own, and 'twas indeed one principal design in offering it
to the world. I desire the reader will observe, that I calculate
my remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland, and for no
other that ever was, is, or, I think, ever can be upon Earth.
Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: Of taxing
our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither
cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth
and manufacture: Of utterly rejecting the materials and
instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing the
expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our
women: Of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and
temperance: Of learning to love our country, wherein we differ
even from Laplanders, and the inhabitants of Topinamboo: Of
quitting our animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like
the Jews, who were murdering one another at the very moment their
city was taken: Of being a little cautious not to sell our
country and consciences for nothing: Of teaching landlords to
have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants. Lastly,
of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our
shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only
our native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon
us in the price, the measure, and the goodness, nor could ever
yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just dealing, though
often and earnestly invited to it.”
Shifting in tone from severe to mocking in “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift synthesizes political satire, emphasized alliteration and bombast diction in order to make light of “deplorable state” of Ireland in the 1720s.
2.
Diction-
• “I propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands.”
• “Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful.”
• “A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends, and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in the winter.”
Imagery-
• “ the streets, the roads and cabin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms.”
• “Children in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers”
• “A most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled”
Logos
• “there may be about two hundred thousand couples whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couples, who are able to maintain their own children.”
• “there only remains a hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born.”
• “I have been informed by a principal gentleman in the country of Cavan, who protested to me, that he never knew above one or two instances under the age of six, even in a part of the kingdom so renowned for the quickest proficiency in the art.”
Thesis: Shifting from a serious to sarcastic tone in “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift utilizes absurd diction, humorous imagery, and in-depth logos to suggest a way to deplete the population to a more reasonable and manageable number.
3.
Ethos:
• “
• “
• “
• “
Pathos:
• “
• “
• “
• “
Logos:
• “
• “
• “
• “
4.
• To fight racism- no one can get married unless they marry someone from a different race
o Ethos-
o Pathos-
o Logos-
• Obesity- force everyone to have liposuction
o Ethos-
o Pathos-
o Logos-
• Life expectancy and social security- when you reach 65, you get killed if you are still alive
o Ethos-
o Pathos-
o Logos-
5.
• Her face was a perfect oval, like a circle that had its two sides gently compressed by a Thigh Master.
• He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.
• I felt a nameless dread. Well, there probably is a long German name for it, like Geschpooklichkeit or something, but I don’t speak German. Anyway, it’s a dread that nobody knows the name for, like those little square plastic gizmos that close your bread bags. I don’t know the name for those either.
• She was as unhappy as when someone puts your cake out in the rain, and all the sweet green icing flows down and then you lose the recipe, and on top of that you can’t sing worth a damn.
Part 1
I believe everyone has been added.
Part 2
Absurdity:
“I have been assured by a very knowing American acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is at a year old, o most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed , roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
“Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year.”
“Although I recommend buying the children alive, and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs.”
Burlesque:
“I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.”
“I have already computed the charge of nursing a beggar's child (in which list I reckon all cottagers, laborers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat, when he hath only some particular friend or his own family to dine with him.”
“Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flay the carcass; the skin of which artificially dressed will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
Diction:
“I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance.”
“Thirdly, Whereas the maintenance of an hundred thousand children, from two years old and upward, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a-piece per annum, the nation's stock will be thereby increased fifty thousand pounds per annum, beside the profit of a new dish introduced to the tables of all gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom who have any refinement in taste.”
“Many other advantages might be enumerated. For instance, the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barreled beef, the propagation of swine's flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables; which are no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well-grown, fat, yearling child, which roasted whole will make a considerable figure at a lord mayor's feast or any other public entertainment. But this and many others I omit, being studious of brevity.”
Thesis Draft:
Transitioning from a serious fact driven report to a satirical proposal, A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift uses Absurdity, Burlesque, and Diction to propose a sarcastic solution to a real world issue.
Part 3
ethos
pathos
“As in so many past experiences, our hopes had been blasted, and the shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us.”
logos
2. -Sarcasm
• “I can think of no one objection, that will possible be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom.”
• “at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune”
• “skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
-Dark Comedy
• “nor offer to beat of kick them (as is too frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage”
• “gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year.”
• “A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends, and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish”
-Pathos
• “crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags”
• “poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own.”
• “Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of their pregnancy, as they are now”
Brainstorming an idea to overcome overpopulation within poorer communities in A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift utilizes grim sarcasm, dark comedy, and touching pathos to convey his satirical idea of selling and eating babies to prevent poverty and overpopulation.
3. Logos: “There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community.”
“It’s ugly record of brutality is widely known.”
“There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation.
“certain promises were made by the merchants--for example, to remove the stores' humiliating racial signs.”
Ethos: “I am here because I have organizational ties here.
“so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.
“My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may sound rather shocking. But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word "tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth”
“In no sense do I advocate evading or defying the law, as would the rabid segregationist”
Pathos: “There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation.”
“As the weeks and months went by, we realized that we were the victims of a broken promise”
“We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed”
“I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate.”
Conveying his reasons for being jailed in a Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. utilizes logos, ethos, and pathos to display how “gravely disappointed” he is with the white oppressors and their actions towards the black oppressed.
4. Race and Segregation Issues
• Dye everyone the same color, purple? Blue? (avatars?)
o Logos – statistics of people who are bullied for race, etc.
o Ethos –
o Pathos – Play to the emotions of people who have been harassed or who feel strongly about racial issues
Gas Prices
• Gas Strike, use bikes and electric cars, anyone using a gas powered car will be pulled over and their license will be revoked for a month
o Logos – use real gas prices and estimates of how they will raise
o Ethos –
o Pathos – poor families who cannot afford gas will be ecstatic
Anorexia and Bulimia
• Eating contests that everyone who is underweight must compete in until they are over proper weight
o Logos – Stats of anorexia and bulimia in the USA, death rate of them
o Ethos –
o Pathos – Anorexics, bulimics, and people who have been affected by this will be happy to see someone doing something about it
Part 1
I believe everyone has been added.
Part 2
Absurdity:
“I have been assured by a very knowing American acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is at a year old, o most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed , roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
“Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year.”
“Although I recommend buying the children alive, and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs.”
Burlesque:
“I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.”
“I have already computed the charge of nursing a beggar's child (in which list I reckon all cottagers, laborers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat, when he hath only some particular friend or his own family to dine with him.”
“Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flay the carcass; the skin of which artificially dressed will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
Diction:
“I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance.”
“Thirdly, Whereas the maintenance of an hundred thousand children, from two years old and upward, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a-piece per annum, the nation's stock will be thereby increased fifty thousand pounds per annum, beside the profit of a new dish introduced to the tables of all gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom who have any refinement in taste.”
“Many other advantages might be enumerated. For instance, the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barreled beef, the propagation of swine's flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables; which are no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well-grown, fat, yearling child, which roasted whole will make a considerable figure at a lord mayor's feast or any other public entertainment. But this and many others I omit, being studious of brevity.”
Thesis Draft:
Transitioning from a serious fact driven report to a satirical proposal, A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift uses Absurdity, Burlesque, and Diction to propose a sarcastic solution to a real world issue.
Part 3
ethos
pathos
“As in so many past experiences, our hopes had been blasted, and the shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us.”
logos
3. Ethos: “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.”
“If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work.”
“Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.”
“My Dear Fellow Clergymen:”
Pathos: “I felt that the white ministers, priests and rabbis of the South would be among our strongest allies. Instead, some have been outright opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leaders; all too many others have been more cautious than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained glass windows.”
“We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.”
“In deep disappointment I have wept over the laxity of the church. But be assured that my tears have been tears of love. There can be no deep disappointment where there is not deep love.”
“But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people; when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: "Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?"; when you take a cross county drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading "white" and "colored"; when your first name becomes "nigger," your middle name becomes "boy" (however old you are) and your last name becomes "John," and your wife and mother are never given the respected title "Mrs."; when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of "nobodiness"--then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait.”
Logos: “We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.”
“Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws.”
“We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal." It was "illegal" to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws.”
“Knowing that a strong economic-withdrawal program would be the byproduct of direct action, we felt that this would be the best time to bring pressure to bear on the merchants for the needed change.”
Shifting from an explanation of circumstances to an argument against segregation in “Letter from Burmingham Jail”, Dr. King incorporates religious ethos, powerful pathos and unquestionable logos in order to present equality as a “God given right”.
4. Obesity; rations: Ethos could be incorporated simply in being an American. Statistics about obesity rates, child obesity and deaths could serve as logos. An example of a funeral could play on pathos, and evoke emotion in the audience.
Separation of church and government; abolish religion: Discussion of involvement in government and proof of the damage caused by organized religion could be used as Logos. Gay rights, specifically, may serve as pathos. Ethos may be determined through position as an American student, and a gay-rights advocate.
Domestic violence; make it mutual: Statistics regarding victims, abusers, gender and occurrence rate could be used for Logos. Pathos may be present in reference of family and audience self-reference. Witness/victim accounts, as well as being a weak female, could aid in establishing Ethos.
5. He was as lame as a duck. Not the metaphorical lame duck, either, but a real duck that was actually lame. Maybe from stepping on a land mine or something.
The baseball player stepped out of the box and spit like a fountain statue of a Greek god that scratches itself a lot and spits brown, rusty tobacco water and refuses to sign autographs for all the little Greek kids unless they pay him lots of drachmas.
From the attic came an unearthly howl. The whole scene had an eerie, surreal quality, like when you’re on vacation in another city and Jeopardy comes on at 7:00 p.m. instead of 7:30.
He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.
2. Satire “I am assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London; that a young healthy child, well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food; whether stewed, roasted, baked or boiled, and I make no doubt, that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or ragout.”
Imagery “I believe no gentlemen would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat.”
Logos “the number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couple, who are able to maintain their own children.”
Part 1/5- “Modest Proposal” Thesis and Quotes
Maintaining a moderate and reasonable tone throughout in “A Modest Proposal”, Jonathan Swift infuses satiric irony and thinly veiled dark comedy while employing sympathetic pathos to criticize the deplorable state of Ireland and the absence of action to remedy it.
Irony
- “Prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children… sacrificing the poor innocent babes…which would move to tears and pity the most savage and inhuman breast.”
- “A young healthy child well nursed, us at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled…”
- “It would increase the care and tenderness of mothers towards their children… We should soon see an honest emulation among the married women, which of them could bring the fattest child to market. Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal; nor offer to beat or kick them… for fear of miscarriage.”
Dark Comedy
- “A well grown, fat yearly child, which roasted whole will make considerable figure at Lord Mayor’s feast…”
- “I have no children, by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing.”
- “There are more children born in Roman Catholick countries about nine months after Lent, the markets will be more glutten than usual, because the number of Popish infants, is at least three to one in this kingdom, and therefore it will have one other collateral advantage, by lessening the number of Papists among us.”
Pathos
- “It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabin-doors crowded with beggars…”
- “There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children.”
- “But I am not in the least pain upon the matter, because it is very well known, that they are everyday dying, and rotting, by cold and famine, and filth, and vermin… and thus the country and themselves are happily delivered from the evils to come.”
3. Logos
a) “I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.”
b) “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates.”
c) “Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws.
Pathos
a) But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children.”
b) “Yes, they have gone to jail with us. Some have been dismissed from their churches, have lost the support of their bishops and fellow ministers. But they have acted in the faith that right defeated is stronger than evil triumphant.”
c) “I doubt that you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes. I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together.”
Ethos
a) “When I was suddenly catapulted into the leadership of the bus protest in Montgomery, Alabama, a few years ago.”
b) “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference”
c) “We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
In a Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. utilizes ethos, pathos, and logos to convey how horrific the situation with civil rights is in the south.
.
2) Black Comedy
1. “A child will make two dishes at an entertainment with friends and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.”
(page 2, line 30-32)
2. “ Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in march, and a little before and after.”
(page 2, line 37)
3. “The skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
(page 3, line 1-2)
Absurdity
1. ”[...], that in his country, when any young person happened to be put to death, the executioner sold the carcass to persons of quality , as a prime dainty;[...]”
(page 3, line 21-22)
2. “Whereas the maintainance of an hundred thousand of children, from two years old, and upwards, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a piece per annum”
(page 3, line 44-45)
3. “Supposing that one thousand families in this city would be constant customers for infants flesh[...]”
(page 4, line 19)
Imagery
1.“It’s a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex , followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms.”
( page 1, line 1-3)
2. “ I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy childll nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
(page 2,line 21-23)
3. “[...]because it’s very well known, that they are every day dying, and rotting, by cold and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonable expected .”
(page 3, line 30-31)
Thesis Statement
Demonstrating his Idea of eating Babies to lower the number of needless beggars, in “A modest Proposal”’ Jonathan Swift uses black Comedy, brutal Absurdity and gross Imagery, in order to explain his quite logical, but cruel plan of using Babies that doesn’t really have any use for food, so the poor people gain money, and the rich people have the luxus of Babyskin, so it would be a win-win situation.
4.
a) One way I can take it in is Americas current obesity issue. For logos I can give the statistics of how many people are in fact obese. Then for pathos I can do how everyday life can be a struggle if you are in fact obese. Then for ethos I can do possible reasons as to why so many people in America suffer with this issue.
b) Another way I can take it in is Americas other issue with teen pregnancy. For logos I can give the statistics for teen pregnancy. For pathos I can do why it is a harder life for people. For ethos I can do why kids like to get pregnant at such a young age.
c) Finally I can do the issue of gas prices in America and all over the world. For logos I can do the statistics and ratios of prices. For pathos how the high prices affect people. Then for ethos why is it higher in some places than others.
5.
a) He fell for her like his heart was a mob informant and she was the East River
b) It was an American tradition, like fathers chasing kids around with power tools
c) They were as good friends as the people on “Friends.”
d) Her lips were red and full, like tubes of blood drawn by an inattentive phlebotomist
2) Black Comedy
1. “A child will make two dishes at an entertainment with friends and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.”
(page 2, line 30-32)
2. “ Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in march, and a little before and after.”
(page 2, line 37)
3. “The skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.”
(page 3, line 1-2)
Absurdity
1. ”[...], that in his country, when any young person happened to be put to death, the executioner sold the carcass to persons of quality , as a prime dainty;[...]”
(page 3, line 21-22)
2. “Whereas the maintainance of an hundred thousand of children, from two years old, and upwards, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a piece per annum”
(page 3, line 44-45)
3. “Supposing that one thousand families in this city would be constant customers for infants flesh[...]”
(page 4, line 19)
Imagery
1.“It’s a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex , followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms.”
( page 1, line 1-3)
2. “ I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy childll nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.”
(page 2,line 21-23)
3. “[...]because it’s very well known, that they are every day dying, and rotting, by cold and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonable expected .”
(page 3, line 30-31)
Thesis Statement
Demonstrating his Idea of eating Babies to lower the number of needless beggars, in “A modest Proposal”’ Jonathan Swift uses black Comedy, brutal Absurdity and gross Imagery, in order to explain his quite logical, but cruel plan of using Babies that doesn’t really have any use for food, so the poor people gain money, and the rich people have the luxus of Babyskin, so it would be a win-win situation.
Mike Rocha
3/8/12
Comic Spirit E
2 Quiz grade thingy
3 Devices:
Black Comedy: 1.)“I Propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food or raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the clothing of many thousands.”
“There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of woman murdering their bastard children, alas!”
“I have been assured by a very knowing acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or ragoust.
Farce: “therefore, one male will be sufficient to serve four females.”
“A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends”
“Infants flesh will be in season throughout the year,”
Parody: “because the number of Popish infants, is at least three to one in this kingdom, and therefore it will have one other collateral advantage, by lessening the number of Papists among us. “
“I believe no gentlemen would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child”
“and appear at a play house and assemblies in foreign fineries which they never will pay for; the kingdom would not be the worse”
Thesis: Through horrid graphic skepticism in A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift’s morbid ideas express black comedy, farce and, parody in order to convey his idea of solving the hunger problem in London.
Part 2/5- Letter in Birmingham Pathos, Logos, Ethos Quotes
Pathos
- “There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation.”
- “Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”
- “We had no alternative except to prepare for direct action, whereby we would present our very bodies as a means of laying our case before the conscience of the local and the national community. Mindful of the difficulties involved, we decided to undertake a process of self purification.”
- “Too long has our beloved Southland been bogged down in a tragic effort to live in monologue rather than dialogue.”
Logos
- “In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action… There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community... Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts.”
- “You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored.”
- “Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths…The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. I therefore concur with you in your call for negotiation.”
- “Reinhold Niebuhr has reminded us, groups tend to be more immoral than individuals.”
Ethos
- “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia”
- “But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns… so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town.”
- “I would agree with St. Augustine that ‘an unjust law is no law at all.’”
- “I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers.”
3) Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Ethos: Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds.
Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored.
We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights.
If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws.
Pathos: I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations. I am sure that none of you would want to rest content with the superficial kind of social analysis that deals merely with effects and does not grapple with underlying causes.
I had hoped that the white moderate would see this need. Perhaps I was too optimistic; perhaps I expected too much.
I must honestly reiterate that I have been disappointed with the church.
In spite of my shattered dreams, I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of this community would see the justice of our cause and, with deep moral concern, would serve as the channel through which our just grievances could reach the power structure. I had hoped that each of you would understand. But again I have been disappointed.
Logos: I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town
In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action.
One of the basic points in your statement is that the action that I and my associates have taken in Birmingham is untimely.
Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws.
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